Ch.34-35 Study Guide
Chapter #34: IDENTIFICATIONS
Nuremburg Trials
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cordell Hull
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Winston Churchill
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Charles Lindbergh
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Good Neighbor Policy
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rome-Berlin Axis
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nye Committee
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Neutrality Acts
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
"cash and carry"
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
America First Committee
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lend-Lease Act
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Atlantic Charter
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
Roosevelt would not help the London Conference because he wanted to help the domestic economy further with inflationary policies and his gold juggling. Many results of his decision were a deeper sense of nationalism and plunging the world deeper into economic crisis.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
America wanted to free the Philippines so that they could be relinquished from the burden of supporting the Philippines. They did this with the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 which provided independence after twelve years. This decision was decided without taking into consideration the political situation of Asia.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
The United States was very much serious about the Good Neighbor policy because Roosevelt knew he would need help in defending the Western Hemisphere. The seriousness is evident in the Unites States willingness to call back troops to the United States. Also another example is when Roosevelt did not respond with force to “threats” in the southern hemisphere.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, Appeasement
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
The implantation of the Lend-Lease policy brought us closer to war because it made the U.S. a threat to the Axis nations. It made the US a threat because it meant that we supplied the Allies with supplies so if the Axis forces cut the supplies off they could win eventually.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
George S. Patton
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Albert Einstein
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Office of Price Administration
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fair Employment Practice Commission
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D-Day
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V-E Day
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manhattan Project
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Braceros
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain. The task of America was more complex because it had to accomplish more than ever before. It had to feed, clothe, and arm itself while simultaneously transporting its forces. They also had time as their enemy because it was worrisome to think of the allies being crushed.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
3. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
The war did not just shock liberal ideals and goals but also everyone else in the world. The liberal ideals were affected by limiting the freedom of immigrant aliens and many other people as well. Liberal ideals were now shifted and focused towards winning the war.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
4. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
The war had drastic effects on all of these industries mostly on manufacturing though. Manufacturing was increased along with agriculture as well to record numbers. Labor was also another area where numbers rose to full employment.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reasons for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble? Japanese immigrants were successful for many reasons starting with their better education and wealth. Businesses were very important to Japanese success and it caused them trouble because it caused the government to become paranoid of them.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Many opportunities were presented to the women of the U.S. regarding work. Including many open jobs in factories across the nation. Women were also taken into the army to work in noncombat duties such as office work, coast guard work, and navy.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
The war had a great effect on the minorities of the United States. The minorities overall had gotten increased job opportunities and equality. Another change was the fact that they could get jobs in the military.
Holding the Homefront
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
The early months of the battle of the Pacific were very successful for the Japanese following the attack on Pearl Harbor. It put a burden on the United States by making them produce better equipment and also many more troops as well. The Japanese overall were giving the United States a run for its money.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle? Midway was one of the most famous battles of the Pacific front in WWII. It decided whether or not the Japanese would obtain a strategically important airbase that would enable the US to order a cease fire in the Pacific. It was due to the brilliance of Chester Nimitz that got the US victory in the end.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
The United States found itself at odds with the tactics of the Japanese forces. So the United States decided to strike hard and fast with the island hopping tactic. This tactic proved to be relentless and overwhelmed the Japanese forces.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain. In the beginning of WWII the allies had been outclassed by Hitler’s technology. But by the end of 1942 the Allies came up with excellent countermeasures such as code breaking and pivotal infantry battles. The war was not looking good for Nazi Germany in the end.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa. The Soviet Union desperately needed to open up a second front to divert the Nazi’s numbers. A frontal attack on France proved to be suicidal based on previous experience and so it was decided to go from underneath France in the Mediterranean Sea into France.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
June 6, 1944 could be considered the turning point for the war because it was the day an official second front was opened up. This paved the way for many important victories for the Allies as well. Most important though was the liberation of France which added an additional ally to the fold.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944? The choice of vice presidential candidate was important and difficult for understandable reasons. They were eager to hold onto until the war had ended. So the democrats were forced to look for a proper vice presidential candidate in the form of Harry S. Truman.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey? Roosevelt was already making history with his unprecedented 3rd term but now he was going for a fourth one. He won over Dewey mainly because he was winning the war and for his foreign policy ideals. Dewey also lost because of his running mates isolationist ideals.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe. The last six months of war in Europe were very fierce and sudden in fighting. It was also a bittersweet time as well with the end of war in Europe and the death of FDR back in the States. The final day of battle in Europe is known as V-E Day.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
Nuremburg Trials
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cordell Hull
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Winston Churchill
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Charles Lindbergh
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Good Neighbor Policy
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rome-Berlin Axis
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nye Committee
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Neutrality Acts
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
"cash and carry"
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
America First Committee
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lend-Lease Act
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Atlantic Charter
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
Roosevelt would not help the London Conference because he wanted to help the domestic economy further with inflationary policies and his gold juggling. Many results of his decision were a deeper sense of nationalism and plunging the world deeper into economic crisis.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
America wanted to free the Philippines so that they could be relinquished from the burden of supporting the Philippines. They did this with the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 which provided independence after twelve years. This decision was decided without taking into consideration the political situation of Asia.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
The United States was very much serious about the Good Neighbor policy because Roosevelt knew he would need help in defending the Western Hemisphere. The seriousness is evident in the Unites States willingness to call back troops to the United States. Also another example is when Roosevelt did not respond with force to “threats” in the southern hemisphere.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
- Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
- What were the reasons for American isolationism?
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
- How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
- How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, Appeasement
- What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
- How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
- What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
- Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
- Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
- Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
- What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
- What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
The implantation of the Lend-Lease policy brought us closer to war because it made the U.S. a threat to the Axis nations. It made the US a threat because it meant that we supplied the Allies with supplies so if the Axis forces cut the supplies off they could win eventually.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
- Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
George S. Patton
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Albert Einstein
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Office of Price Administration
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fair Employment Practice Commission
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D-Day
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V-E Day
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manhattan Project
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Braceros
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain. The task of America was more complex because it had to accomplish more than ever before. It had to feed, clothe, and arm itself while simultaneously transporting its forces. They also had time as their enemy because it was worrisome to think of the allies being crushed.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
3. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
The war did not just shock liberal ideals and goals but also everyone else in the world. The liberal ideals were affected by limiting the freedom of immigrant aliens and many other people as well. Liberal ideals were now shifted and focused towards winning the war.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
4. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
The war had drastic effects on all of these industries mostly on manufacturing though. Manufacturing was increased along with agriculture as well to record numbers. Labor was also another area where numbers rose to full employment.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reasons for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble? Japanese immigrants were successful for many reasons starting with their better education and wealth. Businesses were very important to Japanese success and it caused them trouble because it caused the government to become paranoid of them.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Many opportunities were presented to the women of the U.S. regarding work. Including many open jobs in factories across the nation. Women were also taken into the army to work in noncombat duties such as office work, coast guard work, and navy.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
The war had a great effect on the minorities of the United States. The minorities overall had gotten increased job opportunities and equality. Another change was the fact that they could get jobs in the military.
Holding the Homefront
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
The early months of the battle of the Pacific were very successful for the Japanese following the attack on Pearl Harbor. It put a burden on the United States by making them produce better equipment and also many more troops as well. The Japanese overall were giving the United States a run for its money.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle? Midway was one of the most famous battles of the Pacific front in WWII. It decided whether or not the Japanese would obtain a strategically important airbase that would enable the US to order a cease fire in the Pacific. It was due to the brilliance of Chester Nimitz that got the US victory in the end.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
The United States found itself at odds with the tactics of the Japanese forces. So the United States decided to strike hard and fast with the island hopping tactic. This tactic proved to be relentless and overwhelmed the Japanese forces.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain. In the beginning of WWII the allies had been outclassed by Hitler’s technology. But by the end of 1942 the Allies came up with excellent countermeasures such as code breaking and pivotal infantry battles. The war was not looking good for Nazi Germany in the end.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa. The Soviet Union desperately needed to open up a second front to divert the Nazi’s numbers. A frontal attack on France proved to be suicidal based on previous experience and so it was decided to go from underneath France in the Mediterranean Sea into France.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
June 6, 1944 could be considered the turning point for the war because it was the day an official second front was opened up. This paved the way for many important victories for the Allies as well. Most important though was the liberation of France which added an additional ally to the fold.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944? The choice of vice presidential candidate was important and difficult for understandable reasons. They were eager to hold onto until the war had ended. So the democrats were forced to look for a proper vice presidential candidate in the form of Harry S. Truman.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey? Roosevelt was already making history with his unprecedented 3rd term but now he was going for a fourth one. He won over Dewey mainly because he was winning the war and for his foreign policy ideals. Dewey also lost because of his running mates isolationist ideals.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe. The last six months of war in Europe were very fierce and sudden in fighting. It was also a bittersweet time as well with the end of war in Europe and the death of FDR back in the States. The final day of battle in Europe is known as V-E Day.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?